What ideology did Gandhi promote as part of the Indian independence movement?

• A. Marxism
• B. Socialism
• C. Utilitarianism
• D. Nonviolence

Answer: (D)

Gandhi promoted the ideology of nonviolence, known as "ahimsa," as a key principle in the Indian independence movement. This philosophy emphasized the importance of peaceful resistance and civil disobedience as effective tools in combating British colonial rule. Gandhi believed that nonviolence was not just a strategy but a way of life that respects all living beings. He argued that true strength lies in the ability to maintain one’s principles without resorting to violence, even in the face of oppression. This approach galvanized mass support across different strata of Indian society and became central to the struggle for India’s independence, setting a precedent for future movements for social justice worldwide.